DNA fragments that were obtained from ChIP experiment are considered very little and require DNA amplification before they get introduced to the DNA sequencing machines.

Therefore DNA sequencing start with tow preparation steps: Ligating/pasting Sequencing Adapters to DNA Fragments, then amplifying it by PCR. The Adapters are short fragments of DNA that can be ligated to any piece of DNA and can be used as templates for polymerase chain reactions and sequencing process.

Adapter-Modified DNA are amplified by PCR, which is a specific technique to get a good amount of identical copies of the Adapter-Modified DNA fragments. It is performed using a DNA polymerase, which is enzyme that responsible for synthesizing DNA molecules.

The amplified DNA is now ready for sequencing.

Fig. 8: Construction of preparation of DNA for Sequencing. Prepration of DNA sequencing start by ligation of adapters to the purified DNA ,then amplification of adapter-modified DNA by Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). the amplified adapter-modified DNA is ready for sequencing. In the next step, we will get sequencing data for our ZBTB7A genome.