Summary
Now we will try to put together what we have learned in the previous
lessons. We will take htu (he) as an example;
htu ......... tu he is ( for identity)
htu ......... Ala he was ( describing action in the past)
htu ......... hala he is ( describing action in the present)
Hamd HSan n'ush tu Hamid is a young boy.
htu HSan n'ush tu he is a young boy.
HSan n'ush tu is a young boy.
(the subject "he" is inherent in the copula tu)
Hamd ltelhe Ala/hala Hamid was playing/is playing
htu ltelhe Ala he was playing.
ltelhe Ala was playing.
Hamd sekb Ala/hala Hamid was sleeping/is sleeping
htu sekb Ala he was sleeping.
sekb Ala was sleeping.
We will do the same thing with Hmum (= sick )
Hamd Hmum tu Hamid is sick ( has some kind of sickness that is
always with him )
Hamd Hmum Ala Hamid was sick.
Hamd Hmum hala Hamid is now sick.
Summary
I ana ........ ana
ana ........ Alko
ana ........ haleko
you (f) enti ........ enti
enti ........ Alki
enti ........ haleki
you (m) enta ........ enta
enta ........ Alka
enta ........ haleka
she hta ......... ta
hta ........ Alet
hta ........ halet
he htu ......... tu
htu ......... Ala
htu ......... hala
you (p,m) entum ...... entum
entum ...... Alkum
entum ...... halekum
you (p,f) entn ........ entn
entn ........ Alkn
entn ........ halekn
we nHna ( Hna ) ........ nHna ( Hna )
nHna ( Hna ) ......... Alna
nHna ( Hna ) ......... halena
they (f) hten ........ ten
hten ....... Aleya
hten ....... haleya
they (m) htom .......... tom
htom .......... Alew
htom ......... halew
One last example for she. Note how the adjective is gender
dependent, i.e. changes with gender, but we will come to this later
on, on coming lessons.
arhiet welet reyam ta Arhiet is a tall girl.
arhiet geys Alet Arhiet was going.
arhiet tsE halet Arhiet is running.
Now we can do the same for the other pronouns with the verb geys = going
and lsE ( for he )
I esAe haleko/ Alko I am running/ was running
you(f) tsI haleki/Alki you are running/was running
you(m) tsAe haleka/ Alka you are running/was running
he lsAe hala/ Ala he is running/was running
she tsAe halet/Alet she is running/was running
we nsAe halena/Alna we are/were running
you(f) tsEya halekn/Alkn you are/were running
you(m) tsU halekum/Alkum you are/were running
they(f) lsEya haleya/Aleya they are/were running
they (m) lsU halew/Alew they are/were running
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Today we have learned the following new words;
skab sleep(n)
sekba slept (v)
lsE running
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End of Lesson 5
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