Verbs of existence/verb to be (1)
In the previous lessons we have seen how the auxiliary verbs or
verb-to-be are conjugated. In this lesson we will learn their past
forms i.e. was and were. Let us take Ala for the 3rd person as the
base form, just for convenience, and do the conjugation for the
other pronouns. Today's new word will be n'ush = small (for he)
and n'ish (for she)
The present form will be ana n'ush ana = I am small (young). Go back
to lesson 1 and you can do for the others too. But back to the past
form.
Example 3.1:
ana n'ush Alko = I was young (small) i.e. at some point in the past
enti n'ish Alki = You (f) were young
enta n'ush Alka = You (m) were young....Note the change in adjective
for he: n'ish vs n'ush
nHna ne'aysh Alna = We were young....... Note ne'aysh is plural to n'ush
entum ne'aysh Alkum = You (m,p) were young
entn ne'aysh Alkn = you (f,p) were young
hten ne'aysh Aleya = they (f,p) were young
htom ne'aysh Alewe = they (m,p) were young
Let us now use the same past form with the verb geys = go or to go
Example 3.2:
ana egeys Alko I was going ( this is rather a past continuous )
enti geysi Alki You (f) were going
enta (t)geys Alka You (m) were going, the (t) is almost silent
hta (t)geys Alet She was going. " " " " "
htu geys Ala He was going.
nHna engeys Alna We were going.
entn geysa Alkn You (f,p) were going.
entum geyso Alkum You (m,p) were going.
hten geysa Aleya They(f,p) were going
htom geyso Alewe They (m,p) were going.
Note: the word n'ush could mean both small and young
e.g welet n'ish a young girl
biet n'ish a small house
ktab n'ush a small book
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Today we have learned the following new words
n'ush = small / young. for masculine subject but single
n'esh = small / young for feminine subject but single
n'aysh = small / young for both (f) and (m) but plural
geys = go or to go
welet = girl
biet = house
ktab = book
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End of Lesson 3
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© Omar M. Kekia. All Rights Reserved.
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