Table of Contents
HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT TO MEASURE?
THE LAW OF THE INSTRUMENT
THE EVOLUTION OF MEASUREMENT
THE EVOLUTION OF MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT AND THEORY IN BIOLOGY
BASIC QUESTIONS
NICHOLAS RASHEVSKY (1899-1984)
ROBERT ROSEN (1934- )
THE SCIENCE OF METHOD OR THE SCIENCE OF CONTENT?
THE “SYSTEMNESS” OF VARIOUS DISCIPLINES (John Casti: Newton, Aristotle, and the Modeling of Living Systems
JOHN HORGAN, SENIOR WRITER, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
HORGAN’S VIEW
ROSEN’S ANSWER TO HORGAN
THE SCIENCE OF METHOD OR THE SCIENCE OF CONTENT?
THE ANSWER TO “HOW ?” INVOLVES MECHANISM
THE ANSWER TO “WHY?”: THE FOUR “BECAUSES”
CAN WE RELATE THESE?
THE THESIS
THE MODELING RELATION
THE MODELING RELATION
THE MODELING RELATION
WHERE IS MEASUREMENT IN THE MODELING RELATION?
THE MODELING RELATION
MORE ON THE MODELING RELATION
THE NEWTONIAN MODEL
THE PRICE OF EMPIRACISM IS REDUCTIONISM
NATURAL VS FORMAL SYSTEMS
COMPLEXITY
COMPLEXITY VS COMPLICATION
COMPLEXITY VS COMPLICATION
ORGANISMS ARE NOT MECHANISMS
SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN SCIENCE
A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO NEWTON’S PARADIGM
THE van der WAALS EQUATION
THE van der WAALS EQUATION: INTERPRETATION
THE van der WAALS EQUATION: INTERPRETATION
THE van der WAALS EQUATION: INTERPRETATION
CAUSALITY AND THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM
CAUSALITY AND THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM
CAUSALITY AND COMPLEXITY
WHAT IS A MACHINE?
PARTS ARE OBTAINED BY FRAGMENTING OR FRACTIONATING A SYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
EXAMPLE: TV SET
THE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS ARE NOT A DIRECT EXPRESSION OF A PARTICULAR SET OF PARTS
THE “BOTTOMS UP” VIEW
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS
COMPONENTS DO NOT MAP TO STRUCTURE IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS
AN ACTIVE SITE
AN ACTIVE SITE
AN ACTIVE SITE
AN ACTIVE SITE
AN ACTIVE SITE
THE PROBLEM OF TIME
AN EXAMPLE: DISCRETE VS CONTINUOUS TIME
ANOTHER EXAMPLE: SUBSTRATE INHIBITION KINETICS IN A REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM
WE KNOW WHY DYNAMICS AS WE KNOW IT DOESN’T WORK
A LESSON FROM CHAOTICS
THE DOUBLE SCROLL TIMECOURSE
THE DOUBLE SCROLL ATTRACTOR
CAVEATS IN THE PAPER
A NEW DYNAMICS?
ROSEN’S M-R MODEL
WHAT DOES THIS TELL US?
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