Study Guide for the Final Exam

The study guide is a summation of all the objected identify in the Table of Content

  1. Define the parts of an atom.
  2. Determine what makes a atom radioactive.
  3. What are isobars, isotones, isomers, and isotopes?
  4. What is an ev and how does this relate to keV. Note how energy is imparted to alpha, beta, and gammas.
  5. Where do the different waves fall in an electromagnetic spectrum? [Electric, radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x, and gamma-rays]. Also relate frequency of the wave to where it is in the spectrum.
  6. What is the difference between the tri-linear chart and the periodic table?
  7. Discuss how alpha and beta particles interact with matter. [In general .. how much mass, where do they come from, how are they produced, how far they travel, how do they loose energy, what are they at rest mass, what attenuates them]
  8. Considering the above question and apply this to gamma and x-rays.
  9. Describe what happens in an annihilation reaction?
  10. What is the difference between x and gamma rays?
  11. Manipulate prefixes in scientific notation.
  12. Define and compare all radiation units and give special attention to: Bq, Ci, R, cpm, and dpm.
  13. Given efficiency and cps/m calculate the dps/m.
  14. Explain the three components of radiation safety.
  15. Work with time, distance, and shielding formulas to reduce the technologist's radiation exposure.
  16. Identify the process on how radiation is detected with gas-filled detectors.
  17. Discuss the characteristics of Ionization between the ionization region and the GM Region.
  18. What is scintillation?
  19. Consider the method of scintillation detections. Understand the process. Draw the components.
  20. What are the setting for 123I if the window as set to 20%? (159 keV)
  21. Name the different types of collimators and define the specific characteristics of each (HR, HS, Converging, Diverging, and Pinhole).
  22. When you distance between the patient and the detector you increase scatter. Why is this a true statement?
  23. What are the components that would make up an ideal radiopharmaceutical?
  24. Identify the different physiological methods in which a radiopharmaceutical is picked up by an organ or disease state.
  25. Discuss the physiology behind 99mTcMDP and how it incorporates into bone tissue.
  26. There are three basic types of imaging procedures in bone imaging. Compare therm: spot views, three phase, and whole body.
  27. Review bone diseases presented in lecture - what makes a bone scan positive?
  28. Identify the two different lung radiopharmaceuticals and discuss their mode of uptake.
    1. Ventilation
    2. Perfusion
  29. Compare match to mis-match defects in lung imaging and apply the diseases (PE and COPD). How do they differ?
  30. Identify the basic protocols for lung perfusion and aerosol ventilation.
  31. Identify the parts of a lung ventilation system (aerosol).
  32. In the thyroid, identify the steps to the bio-feedback loop that regulates hormone production.
  33. Define hyper/hypothyroidism.
  34. Calculate a thyroid uptake given the following data: (Pill at 0 hr = 1,000,151, Rm Bkg at 0 hr = 151, Patient thyroid at 24 hr = 91,223, Pt Bkg at 24 hr = 1,223) (decay factor for 24 hrs - 0.278). Answer - 32%
  35. Define the steps required to image a thyroid.
  36. Calculate an ejection fraction of a gal bladder where Pre CCK = 58,778 cts and 15 minutes = 12,457 cts. Answer - 79%
  37. Identity the disease processes seen in hepatobiliary and liver/spleen imaging.
  38. What are the basic steps required to image the GB and REC system?
  39. Define the pathophysiology for sulfur colloid and IDA tracers.
  40. Identify the different types of radiopharmaceuticals used in renal imaging and understand the associated physiology.
  41. Calculate ERPF when GFR value is given.
  42. Understand the application of a ROIs and their association with time activity curves in a renograms.
  43. Explain how uptake in the kidney is evaluated over time using the RIOs.
  44. Discuss the basics components of SPECT in relationship to Filter Backprojection.
  45. What are the three projections seen in a processed SPECT scan.
  46. Define the blood brain barrier (BBB).
  47. Compare the radiopharmaceuticals that cross the BBB and those that do not (non-BBB).
  48. Apply radiopharmaceuticals used to image brain death (BBB and non-BBB).
  49. Identify the uses of: Ioflupane, FDG, Vizamyl in brain imaging.
  50. Define the difference between a photon and a gamma ray.
  51. Consider the differences in instrumentation when assess PET vs. gamma camera:
    1. Define the two types of rejection circuits
    2. Compare BGO to LSO/LYSO
    3. Compare and contrast images that are attenuated corrected vs non-attenuated.
  52. Define the pathophysiology behind 18FDG.
  53. Review the application of 18FDG in neurology, oncology, and cardiology
  54. Understand the relationship between the amount of energy given to the positron and its effect in resolution.
  55. Identify normal FDG distribution
  56. Identify the CT application in PET and its use with attenuation correction (AC)

    57. Return to the Table of Content