The efficiency of conjugal transfer of plasmids from Escherichia coli to the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was quantitated as a function of the number of restriction sites for the restriction enzymes carried by the recipient. In addition to the previously recognized isoschizomers of Aval and AvaII, PCC 7120 was found to possess an isoschizomer of AvaIII. Plasmids modified in E. coli with methylases that protect in vitro against restriction by the three enzymes were transferred with high efficiency, nearly independent of the number of restriction sites on the plasmid. Plasmids left unprotected against one of the three restriction enzymes were transferred with lower efficiencies. For low numbers of sites, the efficiency of conjugal transfer decreased as an exponential function of the number of unprotected sites. The methods presented may be used to increase the efficiency of conjugal transfer into restriction-competent bacteria.