Pitch - Ledger lines
To notate pitches that go higher or lower than the staff permits, ledger lines are used. When writing ledger lines, remember to keep the spacing between them the same as the spacing of the staff lines. Notice also that the notes that sit right on the top or at the bottom of the staff do not require a ledger line!
Reading notes on ledger lines tends to be a weakness for students so I recommend that you work particularly hard to learn these well. The Javamusic note-reading drills could be very useful!