The Successive Contrast optical illusion -
demonstrating retinal fatigue.

Stare at the blue circles until it's hard to concentrate -
then look at the black dot in the white area to see the red/orange circles

Simultaneous and Successive Contrast at NASA.gov

Color Context/Simultaneous Contrast by Stuart Grais at DePaul University

Simultaneous Contrast by Greg Clayton at Harding University

Weber-Fechner Law

In layering pigment, the rule of having to increase measured steps disproportionately,
as opposed to incrementally, in order to perceive an incremental change in value.

In other words, in order to perceive a 10% increase in value,
more than 10% additional paint or pigment must be added to the layer.

Spectral Energy Distribution is the measurement of the presence of the many
lightwaves in natural light and most man-made light, which represent the
whole color spectrum.

"Monochromatic" filters and lights can be created, which are composed of
rays which do not overlap the entire visible spectrum.

Spectral Energy Distribution at California Institute of Technology

Spectral Transmittance Curve

These charts refer to specific rays that will be
passed by certain filters

In Nature, as mentioned in Spectral Energy Distribution,
colors other than the perceived color are actually present in the light.

Fresnel Equations at Wikipedia