1. The term civil religion was first coined by
*a. Jean Jacques Rousseau
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Thomas Luckmann
d. Robert Bellah
e. Rodney Stark

2. Civil religion is especially necessary in a society that
a. Only has one religious tradition
b. Is not industrialized
c. Has more men than women
*d. Is religiously pluralistic
e. a, b, and c

3. Which of the following would be a sacred text for American civil religion?
a. The New Testament gospel of Matthew
b. The astrology horoscope in a daily newspaper
*c. The Declaration of Independence
d. The Talmud
e. The Koran

4. Which of the following would be holy days for American civil religion?
a. Christmas and Easter
b. Labor Day and Christmas
c. Presidents Day and Easter
d. Christmas and Rosh Hashanah
*e. Memorial Day and the Fourth of July

5. Which of the following would be a sacred symbol for American civil religion?
a. The cross
b. A fish
c. The star of David
*d. The American flag
e. The Bible

6. Which of the following would be a civil religion ritual?
*a. Daily recitation of the pledge to the flag by schoolchildren
b. Saying grace before meals
c. Attending worship services on the Sabbath
d. Making the sign of the cross before praying
e. A wedding service conducted by a town mayor

7. Robert Bellah identifies three periods of civil religious crisis in
American history. These are
a. The discovery of America, the Revolutionary War, and the Civil War
*b. The American Revolution, the Civil War, and the late twentieth century crisis of confidence in our system which began with the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal
c. The Civil War, World War I, and World War II
d. The Civil War, World War I, and the Cold War with the Soviet Union
e. The American Revolution, the Civil War, and World War II

8. The civil religion of the United States has a myth of the "promised land" and the role of a national leader who is depicted as the nation's "Moses." This myth relates to which of Bellah's periods of crisis in the nation's history?
a. The discovery of America by Columbus
*b. The colonial period and revolutionary war
c. The civil war
d. World War I
e. World War II

9. The civil religion of the United States has a rebirth myth that stresses a martyred President," who gave his life so that the nation might live",an interesting repetition of the Christian theme of a martyred savior. This myth relates to which of Bellah's periods of crisis in the nation's history?
a. The discovery of America by Columbus
b. The colonial period and revolutionary war
*c. The civil war
d. World War I
e. World War II

10. Martin Marty argues that civil religion can be expressed in several forms. When a civil religion serves to sacralize the status quo and to endorse unquestioning loyalty to the nation, the civil religion is
*a. Priestly civil religion
b. Prophetic civil religion
c. Folk civil religion
d. Official civil religion
e. American Shinto

11 President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address beckoning the nation to a higher calling that only God would ultimately judge is an example of
a. Official priestly civil religion
*b. Official prophetic civil religion
c. Folk priestly civil religion
d. Folk prophetic civil religion
d. Invisible religion

12. According to the author of your textbook, prophetic civil religion
a. Only occurs in folk versions of civil religion
b. Was only characteristic of civil religion in the colonial period of U.S. history
c. Is entirely a phenomenon of liberals
d. Is entirely a phenomenon of conservatives
*e. May be embraced by either conservatives or liberals

13. In which of the following statements would a negative response indicate support for civil religion in the United States?
a. America is God's chosen nation today
b. To me, the flag of the United States is sacred
*c. National leaders should not only affirm their belief in God but also their belief in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior
d. The founding fathers created a blessed and unique republic when they gave us the Constitution
e. America is a "promised land" to immigrants

14. Civil religion provides important
a. Functions for society but not the individual
b. Functions for the individual but not the society
*c. Functions for both the individual and society
d. Functions for neither the individual or the society

15. The scholar most closely associated with the concept of invisible religion is
a. Peter Berger
b. Robert Bellah
c. H. Richard Niebuhr
d. Rodney Stark
*e. Thomas Luckmann

16. The concept of invisible religion is based on
*a. A functional definition of religion
b. A substantive definition of religion
c. Both functional and substantive elements
d. Neither functional or substantive elements

17. Each individual developing a personalized meaning system or philosophy of life is called
a. Civil religion
b. Prophetic religion
c. A quasi religious movement
*d. Privatization of religion
e. Secularism

18. All but one of the scholars below believe that religiosity is not declining in the modern world, but undergoing transformation. Identify the scholar who does NOT share this view.
a. Robert Bellah
*b. Peter Berger
c. Thomas Luckmann
d. Talcott Parsons
e. Keith Roberts

19. Which of the following is NOT among the criticisms leveled at privatized religion?
a. Religious leaders begin to "market religion" like any other commodity
b. Religious conviction comes to be replaced with the more noncommittal notion of "religious preference" or individual opinion
c. Privatized religion, because it lacks the sanction and plausibility structures of a group, is likely to be vulnerable to crisis and disconfirmation
d. Individuals holding to an individualized faith may be less willing to make sacrifices on behalf of the larger society
*e. The meaning system will have less meaning for the individual

20. According to your textbook, astrology, Transcendental Meditation,
Scientology and est are examples of
a. Mind control organizations
b. Invisible religions
c. Mainline religious groups
*d. Quasi religious movements
e. Cult movements

21. An unorganized contemporary religious movement with an eclectic philosophy, a strong emphasis on supernatural spirituality, and very humanistic values, but which is very process oriented (denying that there are any absolute answers in life) is
a. The charismatic movement
*b. The New Age movement
c. The Reformed Judaism movement
d. The Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship
e. The Pentecostal movement